What is Cloisonné?
What is Cloisonné?
The word cloisonné comes from the French word cloison, meaning “partition.” The technique involves using fine wires to create compartments (cloisons) on a metal object. These tiny cells are then filled with enamel paste made from ground glass and minerals. The object is fired in a kiln, polished, and sometimes gilded—resulting in dazzling, jewel-like surface designs.
A Brief History
Though cloisonné is most commonly associated with Chinese art, its origins trace back to ancient Egypt and the Byzantine Empire. The technique spread eastward via trade routes, evolving dramatically in China during the Yuan (1271–1368) and Ming (1368–1644) dynasties. It became a symbol of imperial luxury and religious reverence, often used in temple décor and courtly gifts.
By the 18th and 19th centuries, cloisonné had become a prized export to the West, with collectors in Europe and America seeking the finest examples for their homes and museums.
How Cloisonné Is Made
Forming the Base: A metal object, usually bronze, copper, or brass, is shaped—commonly into vases, bowls, or small trinkets.
Creating Partitions: Fine metal wires (traditionally gold or brass) are bent into intricate shapes and soldered onto the surface to form decorative outlines.
Enameling: Enamel paste in various colors is painted or packed into the wire-framed compartments.
Firing: The object is fired in a kiln to melt the enamel into place.
Polishing and Finishing: After cooling, the surface is polished smooth. The metal wires may be gilded to enhance the design.
Each step requires patience and precision—errors cannot easily be corrected, making expert craftsmanship essential.
Collecting Cloisonné
Cloisonné remains popular among collectors for its beauty, history, and enduring value. Some things to look for:
Quality of Wirework: The finer and more detailed the wires, the more skilled the artist.
Color Depth and Clarity: Rich, vibrant enamels without bubbles or pitting indicate quality.
Condition: Cracks, chips, or missing enamel diminish value.
Age: Antique cloisonné from the Ming or Qing dynasty can be exceptionally valuable.
Markings: Some pieces bear marks indicating dynasty or workshop.
Modern Cloisonné
While antique cloisonné is most coveted, the art is still alive today. Contemporary artists continue to explore new techniques, pushing cloisonné into fine jewelry, wall art, and even sculpture. It bridges the gap between ancient tradition and modern innovation.